Music in Rennaissance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Music in Rennaissance - Essay Example The renaissance period This period got characterized by a significant revolution in the whole of Europe. The wealthy class in the society was pushing for more involvement in the education system than there was at that time. They got worried that the catholic scholasticism only emphasized the spiritual growth of the youth. It never looked at the educational pursuits which would lead to discovery on the overall improvement of the human life. They used the word ‘the renaissance man’ to describe those who had opted to follow the way of education and theory rather than following the way of God and religion. A renaissance man was expected to be a mastery of everything that he did. He was not to rely on faith but rather have a questioning mind that sought to provide answers to any mystery of life (Fenlon, 2002). The modern idea of a nation began during the renaissance period (Fenlon, 2002). This was may be one of the best accomplishments of the wealthy class who were lobbying f or modernization. They were able to establish countries with a central government. They also diversified trade. People were able to engage in trade in a more meaningful way than they could afford before. For these reasons, the wealthy class always took ‘pride’ of modernizing Europe. Music in the renaissance Music in the renaissance period took a great change from the previous era. ... The music before can be described as that which was preservative. The freedom helped the artists to improve on their creativity. They had more issues in the society to compose music than they had during the medieval era (Tyler & Sparks, 2007). A new concept got invented on how music ought to relate to the words it sets. During the medieval period, music composers mostly connected music to its verbal texts through form. However, in the renaissance period, composers specialized on matching rhythms and melodies in music. This was, unlike their predecessors. This proved to be one of the best innovations of this period as it allowed for great improvement in the quality of music produced (Fenlon, 2002). The great musicians of this period started been recognized and appreciated during their lifetime. This was unlike the past when they were only appreciated after death. There were also developments in the printing techniques. People were able to preserve their music in better forms than they could afford before. This also helped improve the quality of music (Tyler & Sparks, 2007). Music in the renaissance was smooth and imitative. The style of imitation was used in the composing as well as the performing of musical arts. Secular music started getting appreciation and inculcated into the society. This was a thing which was not permissible in the medieval era. The only acceptable music was sacred music. The aspect of the introduction of secular music can be attributed to the fact that people had become more liberal than they had been before. This period also saw the invention of several musical instruments which can still be used today. One of the significant achievements was the invention of two keyboard instruments. The keyboard instruments were the

Computer Storage: Are memory sticks and disks likely to be obsolete by

In the first quarter of 2012, a German business software firm (SAP) recorded a 10 per cent increase in profits from the previous year of  £478 million from cloud, a method of computer storage (SAP sounds upbeat note as profits continue to rise, 2012). It is clear that methods of storing data on computers have developed rapidly in the past 60 years, from the earliest type of data storage on cylinders to data storage in cloud. The purpose of this essay is to describe this development and show that individual physical memory such as memory sticks and disks are rapidly becoming a thing of the past. By way of background, before the invention of computers, various methods had been used to store and retrieve data. For example, 1725 saw the invention of the ‘punch card’ widely used in looms and in primitive calculating machines. Although this was a significant development in storage, these cards were not made â€Å"general purpose† until 1928. The need to store and retrieve data as one continuous stream and not individual cards brought about the invention of the punch tape in 1846. In 1877, Thomas Edison invented a device known as the ‘Phonograph’. This device recorded sound vibrations on a metal cylinder with a recording needle and played the recordings back when needed. These storage developments served as a background for the development of computer storage. Professor Federick C. Williams and colleague Tom Kilburn developed the first random access computer memory in 1948 known as the ‘Williams-Kilburn tube’. This device allowed for storage of 1024 bits but was later upgraded to 2048 bits. In 1951 the ‘Delay line memory’ was invented. This form of memory consisted of a column of mercury with piezo crystal to aid in the transfer of data. W... ...owstuffworks.com/cloud-computing/cloud-storage.htm on 8 May 2012. - Paul Lilly. (3 February 2009). Computer Data Storage Through the Ages – From Punch Cards to Blu-Ray. Retrieved from http://www.maximumpc.com/article/news/computer_data_storage_through_ages on 8 May 2012. - Pingdom. (8 April 2008). Retrieved from http://royal.pingdom.com/2008/04/08/the-history-of-computer-data-storage-in-pictures/ on 8 May 2012. - Retrieved from http://cs-exhibitions.uni-klu.ac.at/index.php?id=187 on 8 May 2012. - Ryan Nichols (31 August 2010). Cloud computing by the numbers: What do all the statistics mean? Retrieved from http://blogs.computerworld.com/16863/cloud_computing_by_the_numbers_what_do_all_the_statistics_mean on 24 May 2012. - SAP sounds upbeat note as profits continue to rise. (25 April 2012). Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-17836653 on 8 May 2012. Computer Storage: Are memory sticks and disks likely to be obsolete by In the first quarter of 2012, a German business software firm (SAP) recorded a 10 per cent increase in profits from the previous year of  £478 million from cloud, a method of computer storage (SAP sounds upbeat note as profits continue to rise, 2012). It is clear that methods of storing data on computers have developed rapidly in the past 60 years, from the earliest type of data storage on cylinders to data storage in cloud. The purpose of this essay is to describe this development and show that individual physical memory such as memory sticks and disks are rapidly becoming a thing of the past. By way of background, before the invention of computers, various methods had been used to store and retrieve data. For example, 1725 saw the invention of the ‘punch card’ widely used in looms and in primitive calculating machines. Although this was a significant development in storage, these cards were not made â€Å"general purpose† until 1928. The need to store and retrieve data as one continuous stream and not individual cards brought about the invention of the punch tape in 1846. In 1877, Thomas Edison invented a device known as the ‘Phonograph’. This device recorded sound vibrations on a metal cylinder with a recording needle and played the recordings back when needed. These storage developments served as a background for the development of computer storage. Professor Federick C. Williams and colleague Tom Kilburn developed the first random access computer memory in 1948 known as the ‘Williams-Kilburn tube’. This device allowed for storage of 1024 bits but was later upgraded to 2048 bits. In 1951 the ‘Delay line memory’ was invented. This form of memory consisted of a column of mercury with piezo crystal to aid in the transfer of data. W... ...owstuffworks.com/cloud-computing/cloud-storage.htm on 8 May 2012. - Paul Lilly. (3 February 2009). Computer Data Storage Through the Ages – From Punch Cards to Blu-Ray. Retrieved from http://www.maximumpc.com/article/news/computer_data_storage_through_ages on 8 May 2012. - Pingdom. (8 April 2008). Retrieved from http://royal.pingdom.com/2008/04/08/the-history-of-computer-data-storage-in-pictures/ on 8 May 2012. - Retrieved from http://cs-exhibitions.uni-klu.ac.at/index.php?id=187 on 8 May 2012. - Ryan Nichols (31 August 2010). Cloud computing by the numbers: What do all the statistics mean? Retrieved from http://blogs.computerworld.com/16863/cloud_computing_by_the_numbers_what_do_all_the_statistics_mean on 24 May 2012. - SAP sounds upbeat note as profits continue to rise. (25 April 2012). Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-17836653 on 8 May 2012.

Operating A Stick Shift Transmission Essay

Driving is a part of everyday life for a majority of adult Americans, but many of them have not experienced driving a standard stick shift transmission. Driving a stick seems more complicated than driving an automatic, but it makes driving more exciting. There are also many advantages to driving a stick transmission rather than automatic transmission, such as the transmission will last longer, less gas will be wasted, and the car will go faster more easily. A car that has a stick shift transmission has an extra pedal called a clutch, and five different speeds found on the shifter. Driving a five-speed transmission places the most emphasis on being able to control your left foot, and timing your left foot to hit the clutch at the precise time. To get started driving a stick shift the learner should be accompanied by a person who already knows how to operate a stick transmission. The best place to practice and learn how to drive a stick transmission is in a large, open vacant parking lot.The learner should next familiarize themself with the differences between a stick shift transmission and an automatic transmission. In the parking lot with the vehicle’s engine turned off, apply the right foot to the brake pedal, and practice getting a feel of the clutch pedal by pushing it in and out with your left foot. Then the learner should view the shift pattern shown on the top of the shift knob. First gear is usually located by pushing the shift lever forward. Then, with the clutch pedal pushed all the way down, move the gearshift lever through the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and reverse gears a few times and then put the gearshift lever into neutral. Neutral is located in the middle of the shift pattern. Next you are ready to start driving. With the transmission in neutral, start the engine and then press the accelerator lightly to get the feel of the accelerator pedal. Next, take your right foot off of the accelerator completely and let the engine just idle. Push the clutch pedal in completely, hold it in, and place the gearshift into 1st gear. Now is the moment of truth, showing that you can drive a stick shift. Continue to keep your right foot off of the  accelerator, but very slowly let out the clutch until the vehicle just begins to creep forward. This is accomplished by moving the clutch pedal in and out just a little bit, about a half-inch, to get the vehicle to begin rolling forward. Work on slowly letting the clutch pedal out until you can get the vehicle to move forward at a couple miles per hour in 1st gear without touching the accelerator. If the vehicle stalls, it is no big deal. Just push the clutch pedal in and restart the engine. The vehicle stalling usually becomes a big problem, and especially frustrating for the learner because it occurs so frequently. The next thing for the learner to do is just keeping the ride smooth. Your goal is to be able to smoothly let the clutch pedal out and have the vehicle move ever so slowly forward. The purpose of this step is to allow you to focus solely on training just your left foot for smooth controlled clutch movement. Once you are comfortable with releasing the clutch at the right time, you can practice pressing the accelerator lightly and letting out the clutch. After you are able to drive the vehicle in 1st gear, practice releasing the accelerator, pushing the clutch in all the way, moving the gearshift in to 2nd gear, and letting out the clutch, which usually occurs around fifteen miles per hour. Then the learner will soon be able to easily shift into each other gear, and be driving all around the streets. Those are the simple steps for being able to easily operate and control driving a car with standard stick shift transmission. Cars with stick shift transmission are more affordable because less people drive them and are more cost efficient for the driver. Learning to drive a stick shift transmission is not as complicated as others may make you believe, a person just needs to have patience and good coordination. Hopefully this paper may have taught you some new things about driving a standard stick shift transmission.

Who Invented the Cupcake

A cupcake by definition is a small individual portioned cake baked in a cup-shaped container and usually frosted and/or decorated. Today, cupcakes have become an incredible fad and a booming business. According to Google, cupcake recipes are the fastest growing recipe search. Cakes in some form have been around since ancient times, and todays familiar round cakes with frosting can be traced back to the 17th century, made possible by advances in food technology such as: better ovens, metal cake molds and pans, and the refinement of sugar. While it would be impossible to say who actually made the first cupcake, we can look at several firsts surrounding these sweet, baked, desserts. Cup by Cup Originally, before there where muffin tins or cupcake pans, cupcakes were baked in small pottery bowls called ramekins. Teacups and other ceramic mugs were also used. Bakers soon evolved standard forms of volume measurements (cups) for their recipes. 1234 cakes or quarter cakes became common, so named after the four main ingredients in cake recipes: 1 cup of butter, 2 cups of sugar, 3 cups of flour, and 4 eggs. Origins of the Name Cupcake The first official use of the phrase cupcake was an 1828 reference made in Eliza Leslies Receipts cookbook. A 19th century, American author and homemaker, Eliza Leslie wrote several popular cookbooks, and incidentally also wrote several books of etiquette. We have included a copy of Miss Leslies cupcake recipe at the bottom of this page, in case you would like to reproduce her recipe. Of course, small cakes without being called cupcakes existed before 1828. For example, during the 18th century, there were queen cakes which were very popular, individually portioned, pound cakes. There is also a 1796 recipe reference of a cake to be baked in small cups made by Amelia Simmons in her book American Cookery. We have included Amelias recipe at the bottom of this page as well, however, good luck on trying to reproduce it. However, most food historians give Eliza Leslies 1828 recipe for cupcakes as being the most significant, so we are giving Eliza the distinction of being the Mother of the Cupcake. Cupcake World Records According to Guinness World Records, the worlds largest cupcake weighed 1,176.6 kg or 2,594 lb and was baked by Georgetown Cupcake in Sterling, Virginia, on 2 November 2011. The oven and pan were custom-made for this attempt and the pan was unassembled easily in order to prove that the cupcake was fully cooked and free standing with no support structures in place. The cupcake was 56 inches in diameter and 36 inches tall. The pan itself weighed 305.9 kg. The worlds most expensive cupcake was a fondant topped cupcake appraised at $42,000, embellished with nine .75 carat round diamonds, and finished with one 3-carat round-cut diamond. This gem of a cupcake was created by Areen Movsessian of Classic Bakery in Gaithersburg, Maryland on April 15, 2009. Commercial Cupcake Liners The first commercial paper cupcake liners for the US market were produced by an artillery manufacturer called the James River Corporation, motivated by the dwindling military market of the post-war era. During the 1950s, the paper baking cup became very popular. Commercial Cupcakes In 2005, the first nothing but cupcakes bakery in the world was opened called Sprinkles Cupcakes, the folks that also brought us the first cupcake atm. Historical Cupcake Recipes Seventy-Five Receipts for Pastry, Cakes, and Sweetmeats - By a Lady of Philadelphia, Eliza Leslie 1828 (Page 61): Cup cake 5 eggsTwo large tea-cups full of molassesThe same of brown sugar, rolled fineThe same of fresh butterOne cup of rich milkFive cups of flour, siftedHalf a cup of powdered allspice and clovesHalf a cup of ginger Cut up the butter in the milk, and warm them slightly. Warm also the molasses, and stir it into the milk and butter: then stir in, gradually, the sugar, and set it away to get cool. Beat the eggs very light, and stir them into the mixture alternately with the flour. Add the ginger and other spice, and stir the whole very hard. Butter small tins, nearly fill them with the mixture, and bake the cakes in a moderate oven. A Light Cake to Bake in Small Cups From American Cookery by Amelia Simmons: Half a pound sugarHalf a pound butterrubbed (combine the sugar and butter) into two pounds flourone glass wineone glass Rosewatertwo glasses Emptins (probably some kind of leavening agentnutmeg, cinnamon, and currants (no mention of amounts)